a: Vì (P) đi qua A(0;1); B(1;2); C(3;-1) nên ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\cdot0^2+b\cdot0+c=1\\a\cdot1^2+b\cdot1+c=2\\a\cdot3^2+b\cdot3+c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\a+b+1=2\\9a+3b+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\a+b=1\\9a+3b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\9a+9b=9\\9a+3b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\6b=11\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\b=\dfrac{11}{6}\\a=1-\dfrac{11}{6}=-\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Vì (P) đi qua M(0;-1); N(1;0) và P(2;3) nên ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\cdot0^2+b\cdot0+c=-1\\a\cdot1^2+b\cdot1+c=0\\a\cdot2^2+b\cdot2+c=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\a+b-1=0\\4a+2b-1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\a+b=1\\4a+2b=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\a+b=1\\2a+b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\-a=-1\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\a=1\\b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

c: Vì (P) đi qua M(1;-2); N(0;4); P(2;1) nên ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\cdot1^2+b\cdot1+c=-2\\a\cdot0^2+b\cdot0+c=4\\a\cdot2^2+b\cdot2+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=-2\\c=4\\4a+2b+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\a+b=-2-c=-6\\4a+2b=1-4=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\4a+4b=-24\\4a+2b=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\2b=-21\\a+b=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\b=-\dfrac{21}{2}\\a=-6-b=-6+\dfrac{21}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

d: Hoành độ đỉnh là 2 nên -b/2a=2

=>b=-4a(1)

Thay x=3 và y=1 vào (P), ta được:

\(a\cdot3^2+b\cdot3+c=1\)

=>\(9a+3b+c=1\left(2\right)\)

Thay x=-1 và y=2 vào (P), ta được:

\(a\cdot\left(-1\right)^2+b\left(-1\right)+c=2\)

=>a-b+c=2(3)

Từ (1),(2),(3), ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-4a\\9a+3b+c=1\\a-b+c=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-4a\\9a-12a+c=1\\a+4a+c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-4a\\-3a+c=1\\5a+c=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-4a\\-8a=-1\\5a+c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{8}\\b=-4\cdot\dfrac{1}{8}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\c=2-5a=2-\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{11}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2: 

a: Theo đề, ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\c=5\\\dfrac{-b}{2a}=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-5\\b=-6a\\c=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-5a=-5\\b=-6a\\c=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=-6\\c=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Theo đề, ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+c=3\\\dfrac{-b}{2a}=3\\-\dfrac{b^2+4ac}{4a}=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+c=3\\b=-6a\\\left(-6a\right)^2+4ac=-16a\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a-12a+c=3\\b=-6a\\36a^2+16a+4ac=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=8a+3\\b=-6a\\36a^2+16a+4a\left(8a+3\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{7}{17}\\b=6\cdot\dfrac{7}{17}=\dfrac{42}{17}\\c=8\cdot\dfrac{-7}{17}+3=-\dfrac{5}{17}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=-1\\4a+2b+c=3\\a-b+c=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b=-4\\a+b+c=-1\\4a+2b+c=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-2\\a+c=1\\4a+c=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=-2\\c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

1/ Do (P) qua A \(\Rightarrow c=1\) (thay tọa độ A vào pt (P) thôi)

(P) có đỉnh nằm trên trục hoành

\(\Rightarrow-\frac{\Delta}{4a}=0\Rightarrow\Delta=0\Rightarrow b^2-4ac=0\Rightarrow b^2=4ac=4a\Rightarrow a=\frac{b^2}{4}\)

Do (P) qua B \(\Rightarrow4a+2b+c=1\Rightarrow b^2+2b=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=0\Rightarrow a=0\left(l\right)\\b=-2\Rightarrow a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

2/ Cần tìm 3 ẩn mà chỉ cho 1 dữ liệu, how to giải?

3/ \(-\frac{b}{2a}=2>1>-2\) và \(a=1>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\) hàm số nghịch biến trên \(\left[-2;1\right]\)

\(\Rightarrow y_{max}=y\left(-2\right)=15\)

Vì parabol đi qua ba điểm A, B, C nên ta có hệ phương trình:

Vậy (P): y = -x² + 2x

Chọn C.

\(a\ne0\)

a/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}64a+8b+c=0\\-\frac{b}{2a}=6\\\frac{4ac-b^2}{4a}=-12\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}64a+8b+c=0\\b=-12a\\4ac-b^2+48a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=32a\\b=-12a\\4a.\left(32a\right)-\left(-12a\right)^2+48a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=-36\\c=96\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow y=3x^2-36x+96\)

b/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=6\\-\frac{b}{2a}=-2\\\frac{4ac-b^2}{4a}=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=6\\b=4a\\24a-16a^2=16a\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{1}{2}\\b=2\\c=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow y=\frac{1}{2}x^2+2x+6\)

Lời giải:

\(E(1;-2)\in (P)\Rightarrow -2=a+b+c(1)\)

Vì \(y=ax^2+bx+c\) tồn tại min nên \(a\geq 0\)

Khi đó \(y=ax^2+bx+c=a\left(x+\frac{b}{2a}\right)^2+c-\frac{b^2}{4a}\) \(\geq c-\frac{b^2}{4a}\)

Tức là \(y_{\min}=c-\frac{b^2}{4a}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-b}{2a}\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} c-\frac{b^2}{4a}=-6\\ \frac{-b}{2a}=-3\end{matrix}\right.(2)\)

Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{1}{4}\\ b=\frac{3}{2}\\ c=\frac{-15}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Do đó \(y=\frac{1}{4}x^2+\frac{3}{2}x-\frac{15}{4}\)